Table A-1: Distribution of All Teachers Reporting Activity
by Subject Taught
(Percent)
|
|
Monthly Reflective Essays |
Weekly Reflective Essays |
Monthly Journal Entries |
Weekly Journal Entries |
||||
|
Subject Taught |
Middle Grades |
High School |
Middle Grades |
High School |
Middle Grades |
High School |
Middle Grades |
High School |
|
English |
34 |
31 |
43 |
38 |
37 |
45 |
41 |
54 |
|
Social studies |
19 |
18 |
14 |
17 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
7 |
|
Science |
15 |
22 |
11 |
23 |
15 |
9 |
14 |
11 |
|
Math |
12 |
7 |
13 |
6 |
14 |
9 |
10 |
4 |
|
Foreign Language |
2 |
5 |
1 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
2 |
5 |
|
Computers |
4 |
1 |
4 |
0 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
|
Business Ed. |
1 |
4 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
2 |
0 |
3 |
|
Vocational |
1 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
8 |
2 |
7 |
|
Fine Arts |
1 |
2 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
|
Total |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
Sample: Probability sample.
Table A-2: Subjects where Reflective Writing is more Common in Middle School
|
|
Percent Reporting Monthly Writing by Students |
||
|
Subject & Level* |
Write in Journal |
Essay explaining thoughts in length |
Essay or discussion seriously assessing own work |
|
Science (MS) |
34 |
44 |
24 |
|
Science (HS) |
9 |
51 |
19 |
|
Math (MS) |
23 |
26 |
14 |
|
Math (HS) |
11 |
21 |
6 |
|
Computer (MS) |
24 |
47 |
31 |
|
Computer (HS) |
9 |
13 |
12 |
Sample: Probability sample.
*MS = middle school, HS = high school.
Table A-3: Reasons for Questioning Students
(Percent Asking Question for the following purposes very often or always)
|
Subject and Level* |
Ask for the correct answer |
Check if students did homework |
Have students justify or explain their reasoning |
Elicit student ideas and opinion |
Have students relate work to their own experience |
|
English (MS) |
52 |
29 |
74 |
75 |
70 |
|
English (HS) |
29 |
25 |
78 |
86 |
65 |
|
Social Studies (MS) |
53 |
28 |
66 |
57 |
49 |
|
Social Studies (HS) |
52 |
37 |
76 |
76 |
62 |
|
Science (MS) |
48 |
27 |
60 |
80 |
57 |
|
Science (HS) |
48 |
31 |
63 |
75 |
51 |
|
Math (MS) |
69 |
39 |
55 |
93 |
47 |
|
Math (HS) |
63 |
40 |
56 |
80 |
26 |
Sample: Probability sample.
*MS = middle school, HS = high school.
Table A-4: Correlations among elements of cognitive challenge and
among elements of active learning strategies, by teacher subject and level
|
|
Correlation Among Elements of Cognitive Challenge |
Correlation Among
Elements of |
|
|||
|
|
Reflective Writing & Deep Thinking |
Meaningful Thinking & Problem-Solving |
Projects & Group Work |
Projects & Infrequent Traditional Practices |
Groups & Infrequent Traditional Practices |
Mean Correlation in Row |
|
English
(MS) |
.46 |
.64 |
.54 |
.48 |
.36 |
.49 |
|
English
(HS) |
.49 |
.67 |
.37 |
.52 |
.21 |
.45 |
|
Social
Studies (MS) |
.55 |
.69 |
.54 |
.48 |
.50 |
.55 |
|
Social
Studies (HS) |
.55 |
.72 |
.35 |
.36 |
.16 |
.43 |
|
Science
(MS) |
.52 |
.65 |
.41 |
.46 |
.15 |
.44 |
|
Science
(HS) |
.49 |
.58 |
.43 |
.36 |
.10 |
.39 |
|
Math
(MS) |
.49 |
.63 |
.45 |
.50 |
.32 |
.48 |
|
Math
(HS) |
.49 |
.65 |
.28 |
.50 |
–.01 |
.38 |
|
Foreign
Language (All) |
.39 |
.46 |
.30 |
.33 |
.11 |
.32 |
|
Computer
(All) |
.47 |
.49 |
.22 |
.28 |
.02 |
.30 |
|
Business
(All) |
.40 |
.60 |
.01 |
.43 |
.02 |
.29 |
|
Vocational
(All) |
.47 |
.45 |
.51 |
– .05 |
– .35 |
.20 |
|
Fine
Arts (All) |
.58 |
.72 |
.28 |
.20 |
– .10 |
.34 |
|
Elementary
Self-contained |
.55 |
.62 |
.52 |
.49 |
.23 |
.48 |
|
Elementary
Other |
.62 |
.57 |
.46 |
.52 |
.23 |
.48 |
|
Mean
correlation in column |
.50 |
.61 |
.38 |
.39 |
.13 |
.40 |
Sample: Probability and purposive samples.
Table A-5: Percent of
Teachers That Have Students Work in Groups To Come Up
With A Joint Solution Or To Approach a
Problem or Task Weekly or More Often
|
|
Elementary |
Middle School |
High School |
All Teachers |
|
Elementary Self-Contained |
59 |
|
|
59 |
|
Elementary Other |
49 |
|
|
49 |
|
English |
|
32 |
37 |
34 |
|
Social Studies |
|
29 |
38 |
33 |
|
Science |
|
48 |
37 |
42 |
|
Math |
|
59 |
45 |
52 |
|
Foreign Language |
|
45 |
34 |
39 |
|
Computers |
|
38 |
30 |
34 |
|
Business |
|
26 |
24 |
25 |
|
Vocational |
|
43 |
54 |
50 |
|
Fine Arts |
|
22 |
20 |
21 |
|
All Teachers |
56 |
42 |
38 |
44 |
Sample: Probability sample.
Table A-6: Correlations
between cognitive challenge and active
learning strategies, by teacher subject
and level
|
|
Cognitive Challenge & Projects |
Cognitive Challenge & Group Work |
Cognitive Challenge & Infrequent Traditional Practices |
Cognitive Challenge & Active Learning |
Mean Correlation in Row |
|
English (MS) |
.56 |
.56 |
.39 |
.62 |
.53 |
|
English (HS) |
.52 |
.48 |
.32 |
.58 |
.48 |
|
Social Studies (MS) |
.48 |
.54 |
.29 |
.55 |
.46 |
|
Social Studies (HS) |
.38 |
.58 |
.21 |
.55 |
.43 |
|
Science (MS) |
.55 |
.56 |
.17 |
.60 |
.47 |
|
Science (HS) |
.54 |
.57 |
.14 |
.60 |
.46 |
|
Math (MS) |
.50 |
.56 |
.21 |
.59 |
.46 |
|
Math (HS) |
.34 |
.46 |
.07 |
.42 |
.32 |
|
Foreign Language (All) |
.40 |
.23 |
.32 |
.43 |
.34 |
|
Computer (All) |
.38 |
.56 |
– .07 |
.52 |
.35 |
|
Business (All) |
.01 |
.69 |
– .31 |
.35 |
.19 |
|
Vocational (All) |
.49 |
.41 |
.11 |
.57 |
.39 |
|
Fine Arts (All) |
.36 |
.52 |
.04 |
.53 |
.36 |
|
Elementary Self-contained |
.64 |
.64 |
.29 |
.70 |
.57 |
|
Elementary Other |
.43 |
.57 |
.12 |
.49 |
.40 |
|
Mean Correlation in Column |
.44 |
.53 |
.15 |
.54 |
.41 |
Sample: Probability and purposive samples.
Table A-7: Percent of secondary teachers undertaking projects,
and overall distributions of those projects across secondary subjects
|
|
% of secondary teachers undertaking week long projects, monthly |
Distribution of weeklong projects, by secondary subjects (pie chart view) |
% of secondary teachers reporting hands on-lab activities monthly |
Distribution of hands-on/lab activities, by secondary subject (pie chart view) |
Distribution of teachers by subject in the top 50% overall on projects (pie chart view) |
|
English |
62 |
26 |
51 |
14 |
17 |
|
Social Studies |
44 |
13 |
52 |
10 |
14 |
|
Science |
39 |
16 |
92 |
25 |
20 |
|
Math |
11 |
5 |
53 |
15 |
16 |
|
Foreign Lang. |
27 |
3 |
52 |
4 |
5 |
|
Computers |
73 |
7 |
99 |
6 |
4 |
|
Business |
59 |
5 |
84 |
5 |
3 |
|
Vocational |
67 |
7 |
90 |
6 |
5 |
|
Fine Arts |
92 |
8 |
91 |
5 |
5 |
|
All Teachers |
45 |
100 |
68 |
100 |
100 |
Sample: Probability sample.
Table a-8: MEAN Z-SCORES ON CONSTRUCTIVIST PRACTICE IN SELECTED CLASS,
BY SUBJECT AND LEVEL
|
|
Constructivist
Practice |
|||||||||
|
|
Cognitive
Challenge |
|
Active
Learning |
|
|
|||||
|
|
Meaningful
Thinking |
Problem-Solving |
(Cognitive
Challenge Index) |
|
Group
Work |
Projects |
Infrequent
traditional practices |
(Active
Learning Index) |
|
(Constr-uctivist
Practice Index) |
|
English (MS) |
0.45 |
–
0.27 |
0.27 |
|
–
0.11 |
–
0.14 |
0.19 |
–
0.09 |
|
0.16 |
|
English (HS) |
0.68 |
–
0.01 |
0.53 |
|
0.17 |
–0.06 |
0.68 |
0.25 |
|
0.49 |
|
Social Studies (MS) |
–
0.16 |
–
0.51 |
–
0.29 |
|
–
0.24 |
–
0.23 |
0.11 |
–
0.25 |
|
–
0.29 |
|
Social Studies (HS) |
0.19 |
–
0.17 |
0.09 |
|
0.02 |
–
0.34 |
0.06 |
–
0.21 |
|
–
0.01 |
|
Science (MS) |
–
0.03 |
0.14 |
–
0.01 |
|
0.26 |
0.09 |
0.24 |
0.22 |
|
0.10 |
|
Science (HS) |
–
0.27 |
–
0.09 |
–
0.25 |
|
–
0.09 |
–
0.14 |
0.09 |
–
0.12 |
|
–
0.21 |
|
Math (MS) |
–
0.32 |
0.33 |
–
0.17 |
|
0.02 |
–
0.68 |
–
0.55 |
–
0.64 |
|
–
0.38 |
|
Math (HS) |
–
0.66 |
0.03 |
–
0.54 |
|
–
0.05 |
–
0.92 |
–
0.7 |
–
0.86 |
|
–
0.73 |
|
Foreign Language (All) |
–
0.27 |
–
0.58 |
–
0.44 |
|
–
0.19 |
–
0.21 |
–
0.58 |
–
0.50 |
|
–
0.51 |
|
Computer (All) |
–
0.50 |
0.02 |
–
0.36 |
|
–
0.29 |
0.97 |
0.31 |
0.56 |
|
0.02 |
|
Business (All) |
–
0.71 |
–
0.78 |
–
0.82 |
|
–
0.76 |
0.30 |
–
0.26 |
–
0.22 |
|
–
0.64 |
|
Vocational (All) |
–
0.26 |
0.27 |
–
0.14 |
|
0.15 |
1.11 |
0.32 |
0.80 |
|
0.27 |
|
Fine Arts (All) |
–
0.66 |
–
0.32 |
–
0.6 |
|
–
0.55 |
1.33 |
0.66 |
0.87 |
|
–
0.02 |
|
Elem. Self-Contained |
0.45 |
0.31 |
0.42 |
|
0.18 |
0.24 |
–
0.12 |
–
0.02 |
|
0.36 |
|
Elementary Other |
0.12 |
0.13 |
0.13 |
|
0.12 |
–0.01 |
–
0.08 |
0.12 |
|
0.09 |
Sample: Probability sample.
*MS
= middle school, HS = high school.